Depression is a complex and pervasive experience that impacts millions of individuals globally, often lingering for extended periods or resurfacing throughout one’s lifetime. It is crucial to recognize that depression is not simply a result of a “chemical imbalance,” but rather arises from a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Similar to a fever, depression serves as a symptom indicating an underlying issue. One significant aspect of this underlying cause is the relationship between depression and self-esteem, which revolves around how we perceive ourselves and our value. This connection is often rooted in unconscious conflicts, unresolved grief, early life encounters, and the internalization of negative self-perceptions. The ensuing discussion delves into the interplay between depression and self-esteem, even beyond our conscious awareness.
In the early 20th century, Sigmund Freud characterized depression (referred to as “melancholia” at the time) as a form of “mourning gone awry.” According to Freud, depression may arise when an individual loses a significant “object” (such as a person, relationship, or ideal) and internalizes their feelings towards the lost object, directing them inward. This internalization leads to feelings of worthlessness, self-criticism, and guilt, which are common features of certain depression types that affect our self-concept and self-esteem.
Freud’s insights can be expanded to understand how our early relationships, particularly those marked by loss, shape our self-perception and worth. Early experiences with caregivers play a pivotal role in molding our internal world, influencing our sense of self and relationships with others. When these early relationships involve criticism, neglect, rejection, or abuse, we may internalize negative feelings to maintain the connection with our caregivers, even at the cost of devaluing ourselves. Consequently, depression can be viewed as a continuation of these internalized conflicts, perpetuating a cycle of negative self-representations and emotional distress.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy emerges as a valuable approach in addressing depression and self-esteem issues. By exploring unconscious patterns from early relationships, individuals can gain insight into how these experiences shape their present perceptions and behaviors. Through therapy, individuals can gradually unravel the negative self-representations at the core of their depression, fostering a more compassionate self-view. This process may involve mourning unresolved losses, letting go of unrealistic expectations, and redefining one’s identity on their own terms, leading to a more authentic and fulfilling life.
For those seeking therapy, options include utilizing the Psychology Today Therapy Directory to find a therapist nearby or contacting psychotherapists at Fermata Psychotherapy for in-person or virtual sessions in Chicago and throughout Illinois.